![]() Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) ( 19-mm SMA (Binder (intermediate) course)).Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) ( 13-mm SMA (Wearing course)).Slury Seal ( Type III (Minimum Layer Thickness - 6-8 mm)).Slury Seal ( Type II (Minimum Layer Thickness - 4-6 mm)).Slury Seal ( Type - I (Minimum Layer Thickness - 2-3 mm)).Surfacing Dressing ( Nominal size - 6 mm).Surfacing Dressing ( Nominal size - 10 mm).Surfacing Dressing ( Nominal size - 13 mm).Surfacing Dressing ( Nominal size - 19 mm).Close-Graded Premix Surfacing / Mixed Seal Surfacing (MSS) ( Type B).Close-Graded Premix Surfacing / Mixed Seal Surfacing (MSS) ( Type A).Bituminous Concrete ( Grading – II (Nominal maximum aggregate size (13.2 mm))).Bituminous Concrete ( Grading – I (Nominal maximum aggregate size (19 mm))).Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) ( Grading – II (Nominal maximum aggregate size (26.5 mm))).Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) ( Grading – I (Nominal maximum aggregate size (37.5 mm))).Bituminous Macadam ( Grading–II (Nominal maximum aggregate size (19 mm))).Bituminous Macadam ( Grading – I (Nominal maximum aggregate size (40 mm))).Water Bound Macadam Sub-Base / Base (WBM) ( Grading For Screenings - Grade B (11.2 mm)).Water Bound Macadam Sub-Base / Base (WBM) ( Grading For Screenings - Grade A (13.2 mm)).Water Bound Macadam Sub-Base / Base (WBM) ( Coarse Aggregates (53 mm to 22.4 mm)).Water Bound Macadam Sub-Base / Base (WBM) ( Coarse Aggregates (63 mm to 42 mm)).Grading for Granular Sub-base Materials (GSB) ( Grading - VI).Grading for Granular Sub-base Materials (GSB) ( Grading - V).Grading for Granular Sub-base Materials (GSB) ( Grading - IV).Grading for Granular Sub-base Materials (GSB) ( Grading - III).Grading for Granular Sub-base Materials (GSB) ( Grading - II).Grading for Granular Sub-base Materials (GSB) ( Grading - I).Elevation grade also helps when examining the flow of water from higher elevations to see if the land can be irrigated without pumps.Building structures on a sloping area may require some additional foundation to avoid failing. Knowing the terrain's angle of elevation also helps when assessing a land's ability to support a structure.If you wish to learn more about retaining walls, retaining walls check out our retaining wall calculator. ![]() Therefore a retaining wall can be constructed against a cliff to avoid landslides. Retaining walls support the earth above it to keep it from eroding downhill. Determining the elevation grade also helps when building retaining walls.Cutting-and-filling is where soil from the higher part of the slope is transferred to the lower part to reduce its grade. ![]() Engineers can design a cutting-and-filling procedure for less steep terrain to decrease the slope. Very steep terrain may require roads to be laid out in a zig-zag pattern for safer ascending and descending. We use it, for example, in the vertical curve formula.
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